A long time ago! I wanted to write a doctoral dissertation on Russian energy policy. So I have Notes on the termination some basic knowledge about it.
Russia has been tricking European countries into paying for gas for decades. Ukraine! in particular! has lost tens of billions of dollars due to deals with RosUkrEnergo and Yulia T.’s pre-election gas tricks.
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However! in 2017! Ukraine won the Stockholm shareholder data arbitration! abolishing the “Take or Pay” principle for Notes on the termination Russian gas. Globally speaking! the emphatically cheap Russian (in fact! often Turkmen transit) gas was a drug for our economy! hindering its modernization and energy efficiency measures.
In December 2019! in Paris! within the framework of best email subject lines: tips to create yours and 25 great examples Normandy! Ukraine and Russia agreed on a 5-year contract for the transit of Russian gas! which brought Gazprom (read – the Kremlin) several billion dollars a year.
The agreement was reached in the conditions of occupied Crimea and the hybrid war in Donbas. The Ukrainian delegation was headed by Volodymyr Zelensky! and the condition for signing the contract was the withdrawal by Ukraine of other claims from the Stockholm arbitration.
By the way! it was after the 2019 agreements that the fratricidal competition between Andriy Kobolev and Yuriy Vitrenko began. A competition from which… Moldova! whose government was advised by Kobolev! won.
The largest net importer of Russian gas in Europe
It is not known for certain whether the Kremlin had plans for a azb directory large-scale invasion of Ukraine at the end of 2019. However! I would venture to predict that the transit contract was concluded in such a way that Ukraine could not refuse it without huge losses for itself. Therefore! in 2022! Germany () refused to buy it! and Ukraine continued to pump it through its territory. Exactly until January 1! 2025! causing mute amazement of our Western partners. The only thing that saved us from public geopolitical ostracism was that they themselves skillfully play business as usual.